Wisdom teeth are the last molars, they emerge from the age of 20, although there are patients who do not get to form them. Generally, a person may have 4 wisdom teeth and their extraction will depend on the space they have in the mouth.
As they are the last teeth to come out, they can cause the movement of the previous ones and even cause pain because they do not have enough space.
Generally, wisdom teeth do not cause any problems when they have enough space in the mouth and therefore it is not necessary to extract them, but when they do not have enough space in the mouth, the problem appears and they have to be removed.
When they do not have enough space, wisdom teeth cause pain, swelling and even infection.
There are cases in which wisdom teeth can cause cysts.
It causes damage to the adjacent tooth causing caries or root resorption.
It pushes on the rest of the teeth in order to erupt and creates crowding or even infection in the area around the crown.
The surgery is performed under local anesthesia which will block pain during the procedure.
Regarding surgery, depending on how deep the wisdom teeth are, a basic extraction can be performed as any other dental piece or if it is the opposite case, a small cut in the gum or even remove some of the jawbone to extract them, then the cut would be closed by placing some stitches with sutures.
The treatment usually lasts about 15 minutes in the most basic case and more than 20 minutes in more difficult cases.