Dental implant removal may be necessary for a variety of reasons, even though dental implants are known for their high success rate and durability. Understanding the reasons behind implant removal and the process involved is crucial for patients facing this situation. This article delves into the common causes of dental implant removal and describes the procedure for removal.
Reasons for Dental Implant Removal
Infection (Peri-implantitis)
One of the main reasons for dental implant removal is infection, known as peri-implantitis. This condition occurs when bacteria accumulate around the implant, causing inflammation and damage to the surrounding tissue and bone. If not treated in time, peri-implantitis can lead to loss of the implant.
Failure of Osseointegration
Osseointegration is the process by which the implant fuses with the maxillary or mandibular bone. In some cases, the implant fails to integrate properly with the bone, which may be due to factors such as poor bone quality, improper implant placement, or the use of inadequate materials. Failure of osseointegration can lead to implant mobility and, eventually, implant removal.
Allergic reactions or Rejection
Although rare, some patients may experience allergic reactions to the implant materials, such as titanium. Symptoms may include swelling, pain and rashes. In these cases, removal of the implant may be necessary to relieve symptoms and prevent further complications.
Implant Damage or Fracture
Dental implants can be damaged or fractured due to excessive forces, such as bruxism (teeth grinding) or trauma. A damaged or fractured implant may not function properly and may require removal and replacement.
Problems with the Prosthesis
In some cases, the problems are not related to the implant itself, but to the prosthesis placed over it. An ill-fitting or damaged prosthesis can cause discomfort and affect the functionality of the implant, leading to the need to remove and replace the prosthesis or, in more severe cases, the implant itself.
Dental Implant Removal Process
The removal of a dental implant is a procedure that should be performed by an experienced dental professional. The process may vary depending on the location of the implant, the type of implant and the reason for removal, but generally follows these steps:
Evaluation and Diagnosis
The first step in implant removal is a thorough evaluation of the problem. This may include x-rays and other imaging tests to determine the condition of the implant and surrounding tissues. The dentist will evaluate the cause of the implant failure and develop an appropriate treatment plan.
Anesthesia
Before proceeding with the implant removal, local anesthesia is administered to ensure that the patient does not feel pain during the procedure. In some cases, conscious sedation may be considered for patient comfort.
Implant Removal
The removal procedure may vary according to the type of implant and the reason for its removal:
- Non-invasive technique: If the implant is not firmly integrated into the bone, less invasive techniques can be used, such as the use of a special extraction key to unscrew the implant.
- Surgical technique: In cases where the implant is firmly integrated, a more complex surgical procedure may be necessary. This may involve incision of the gum and removal of some of the bone around the implant to facilitate its removal.
Postoperative Care
After implant removal, the area should be carefully managed to promote healing and prevent infection. This may include the use of antibiotics, analgesics and antibacterial mouthwashes. The patient should follow the postoperative instructions of the dentist to ensure adequate recovery.
Replacement Planning
Once the area has healed adequately, a new implant placement or treatment alternative may be considered, depending on the original cause of the removal and the patient’s condition.
